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DEFINITION SCOPE This method is specially designed to evaluate, by a single capillary GLC procedure, the levels of trans isomers, saturated fatty acid (SFA), cis- and trans-monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), and cis- and trans-polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels in dairy and ruminant based fat samples from the same sample and analysis. The method is not designed to provide detailed definitive isomer composition that may be desired for nutritional and/or biochemical purposes. To obtain more detailed isomeric composition information prior argentation chromatographic separations and/or additional GC analyses are required. For nutritional labeling purposes the total fat, saturated, cis-monounsaturated, cis-polyunsaturated and trans fatty acid contents are to be determined. This method may also determine cis-polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including arachidonic acid (AA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). This method utilizes a triacylglycerol (13:0 TAG) internal standard (IS) for determining the concentration of the individual fatty acids in the oil samples after methylation. The method is applicable to fats derived from dairy and ruminant products. This method is not applicable to products containing mixtures of both dairy and vegetable fats as the trans linolenic acid (18:3) isomers will coelute with the gondoic acid (20:1) isomers. In that case both this method coupled with AOCS Ce 1h-05 would be required for analysis. Conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) will be present in dairy and ruminant fats and may be quantitated with this method, however for nutritional labeling purposes CLA are not included either as cis- or trans-PUFA (References 1 and 2). There is minor co-elution of cis- and trans- fatty acid isomers, particularly in the 16:1, 17:1, and 18:1 regions, using this technique. Theoretical Correction Factors (TCFs) are used to quantitate all saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) of 18 carbons. TCFs are also used for fatty acids, which lack pure standards. Empirical Correction Factors (ECFs) are used for very long chain PUFA of 20 carbons or more and three or more double bonds for which standards are readily available. |
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